ইতনা মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয় ও কলেজের একাদশ ও দ্বাদশ শ্রেণীর ক্লাস রুটিন।

Narration Rules (Reported Speech) - সহজ বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা

ইংরেজি গ্রামারের Narration বা Reported Speech মূলত একটি Direct Speech কে অন্য কারো কাছে পুনর্ব্যক্ত করার পদ্ধতি। এটি বোঝায় যে কেউ কী বলেছেন তা অন্য কাউকে জানানো। মূলত এতে কিছু নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হয়। নিচে সব নিয়ম উদাহরণসহ দেয়া হলো।

১. বাক্য চেনা (Sentence Type Recognition)

প্রথমে Direct Speech-এর ধরণ চিহ্নিত করতে হবে। সাধারণত চার ধরনের বাক্য থাকেঃ

বাক্য ধরণ	Direct Speech উদাহরণ	Reported Speech উদাহরণ
Statement (বিবৃতি)	He said, "I am happy."	He said that he was happy.
Question (প্রশ্ন)	She said, "Where are you going?"	She asked where I was going.
Command/Request (আদেশ/অনুরোধ)	He said, "Please open the door."	He requested me to open the door.
Exclamation (উদ্বোধন/আহ্বান)	She said, "What a beautiful day!"	She exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.

মনে রাখবেন, প্রশ্ন হলে 'ask' এবং আদেশ/অনুরোধ হলে 'request' শব্দ ব্যবহার হয়।

২. Person পরিবর্তন

Reported Speech-এ Direct Speech-এর pronoun পরিবর্তন করতে হয়। উদাহরণঃ

Direct Speech	Reported Speech	ব্যাখ্যা
I am happy, he said.	He said that he was happy.	1st person "I" → 3rd person "he"
We will go to school, she said.	She said that they would go to school.	1st person plural → 3rd person plural
I can help you, he said.	He said that he could help me.	Pronoun ও modal verb পরিবর্তন

৩. Tense পরিবর্তন

Reported Speech-এ সাধারণত Direct Speech-এর Tense এক ধাপ পিছিয়ে যায়।

Direct Speech	Reported Speech	নিয়ম
I am studying, he said.	He said that he was studying.	Present → Past
She has completed her homework.	She said that she had completed her homework.	Present Perfect → Past Perfect
We will visit the museum tomorrow.	They said that they would visit the museum the next day.	Future → would + Verb
I can swim.	He said that he could swim.	Can → Could
I must finish my work.	She said that she had to finish her work.	Must → had to

৪. যুক্তকরণ (Conjunctions)

Direct Speech-এ যদি দুটি বাক্য 'and', 'but', 'or' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে, reported speech-এও একইভাবে যুক্ত থাকে।

Direct Speech	Reported Speech	ব্যাখ্যা
I am tired and I will rest.	He said that he was tired and that he would rest.	প্রতিটি অংশের tense পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
I like tea but I don't like coffee.	She said that she liked tea but did not like coffee.	'but' অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

৫. Time & Place Changes (সময় ও স্থান পরিবর্তন)

Reported Speech-এ কখনো কখনো স্থান ও সময় নির্দেশক শব্দ পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

Direct Speech	Reported Speech	পরিবর্তন
I will meet you here tomorrow.	He said that he would meet me there the next day.	here → there, tomorrow → the next day
I met him yesterday.	She said that she had met him the day before.	yesterday → the day before
We are going to the park today.	They said that they were going to the park that day.	today → that day
I am leaving now.	He said that he was leaving then.	now → then

৬. উদাহরণ Passage Narration (SSC পরীক্ষার মতো)

Direct Speech Passage:

John said, "I am going to Dhaka tomorrow. I will meet my teacher there. I have completed my assignment. Please tell my friend to wait for me here."

Reported Speech:

John said that he was going to Dhaka the next day. He added that he would meet his teacher there. He also said that he had completed his assignment and requested to tell his friend to wait for him there.

৭. আরও উদাহরণ (Sentence Narration)

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
"I am reading a book," he said.	He said that he was reading a book.
"I have completed my homework," she said.	She said that she had completed her homework.
"Where are you going?" she asked.	She asked where I was going.
"Please open the door," he said.	He requested me to open the door.
"What a beautiful day!" she said.	She exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.
"I can swim very fast," he said.	He said that he could swim very fast.
"I must leave now," she said.	She said that she had to leave then.
"I will call you tonight," he said.	He said that he would call me that night.
"I have never seen such a place," he said.	He said that he had never seen such a place.
"Please sit down," she said.	She requested me to sit down.